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PloS One 2018Despite its widespread clinical use, there is little data available from population-based studies on the determinants of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We...
Despite its widespread clinical use, there is little data available from population-based studies on the determinants of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We aimed to examine multifactorial determinants of circulating SHBG levels in community-dwelling men. Study participants comprised randomly selected 35-80 y.o. men (n = 2563) prospectively-followed for 5 years (n = 2038) in the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study. After excluding men with illness or medications known to affect SHBG (n = 172), data from 1786 men were available at baseline, and 1476 at follow-up. The relationship between baseline body composition (DXA), serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, thyroxine (fT4), sex steroids (total testosterone (TT), oestradiol (E2)), and pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum SHBG level at both baseline & follow-up was determined by linear and penalized logistic regression models adjusting for age, lifestyle & demographic, body composition, metabolic, and hormonal factors. Restricted cubic spline analyses was also conducted to capture possible non-linear relationships. At baseline there were positive cross-sectional associations between age (β = 0.409, p<0.001), TT (β = 0.560, p<0.001), fT4 (β = 0.067, p = 0.019) and SHBG, and negative associations between triglycerides (β = -0.112, p<0.001), abdominal fat mass (β = -0.068, p = 0.032) and E2 (β = -0.058, p = 0.050) and SHBG. In longitudinal analysis the positive determinants of SHBG at 4.9 years were age (β = 0.406, p = <0.001), TT (β = 0.461, p = <0.001), and fT4 (β = 0.040, p = 0.034) and negative determinants were triglycerides (β = -0.065, p = 0.027) and abdominal fat mass (β = -0.078, p = 0.032). Taken together these data suggest low SHBG is a marker of abdominal obesity and increased serum triglycerides, conditions which are known to have been associated with low testosterone and low T4.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Independent Living; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
PubMed: 29995902
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200078 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Aug 1965At least 3 complement factors were found necessary for the conversion of the thermolabile intermediate complex EAC'1a,4,2a to a thermostable state. One of these factors...
At least 3 complement factors were found necessary for the conversion of the thermolabile intermediate complex EAC'1a,4,2a to a thermostable state. One of these factors is the earlier described beta(1C)-globulin. The second, a heretofore unrecorded serum protein, beta(1F)-globulin. The third factor has not yet been defined as a discrete serum protein entity. Kinetic experiments indicated that beta(1C) reacted prior to beta(1F), which in turn seemed to precede the third factor in the reaction sequence. Therefore, the 3 components were tentatively designated the third (C'3), the fifth (C'5), and the sixth (C'6) components of complement, respectively. A procedure was developed allowing the isolation of highly purified beta(1C)-(C'3) and beta(1F)-globulin (C'5) and of partially purified C'6. With respect to its function in immune hemolysis, beta(1F)-globulin or C'5 was found to be closely dependent on the simultaneous presence of C'6. The hypothesis that C'5 and C'6 form a functional unit was supported by the finding that both components interact with each other in solution resulting in the formation of a complex. A similar complex was also found in fresh human serum.
Topics: Beta-Globulins; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Complement System Proteins; Hemolysis; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Iodine Isotopes; Kinetics; Ultracentrifugation
PubMed: 14316946
DOI: 10.1084/jem.122.2.277 -
Endocrine Journal Aug 2022Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed by an international expert consensus to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020. Previous...
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed by an international expert consensus to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020. Previous studies have shown that sex hormones are strongly linked to NAFLD development. This study aims to explore whether sex hormones are associated with MAFLD and liver fat content (LFC) in a middle-aged and elderly community. The study included 732 subjects aged 50-80 years enrolled from communities. MAFLD was diagnosed using the 2020 International Expert Consensus. LFC was calculated using parameters from abdominal ultrasound images. Serum estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), FSH, and LH were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. MAFLD was diagnosed in 107/304 (35.2%) men and 154/428 (35.2%) women. After adjustments for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that SHBG was negatively correlated with MAFLD in men (OR, 0.95 [0.93-0.97], p < 0.001). In women, SHBG and FSH were negatively correlated with MAFLD (OR, 0.95 [0.94-0.97], p < 0.001; OR, 0.97 [0.96-0.98], p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SHBG was a negative factor for LFC in both men (standardized β = -0.188, p < 0.001) and women (standardized β = -0.184, p < 0.001). FSH was a negative factor for LFC in women (standardized β = -0.082, p = 0.046). SHBG was negatively correlated with MAFLD in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Moreover, FSH was negatively correlated, and bioactive testosterone was positively correlated with MAFLD in women. These findings suggest a relationship between sex hormones and MAFLD.
Topics: Aged; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testosterone
PubMed: 35321990
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0559 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Apr 2022Sex hormones are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of diabetes, and influence glycated hemoglobin (HbA) levels in diabetic population; but, the...
BACKGROUND
Sex hormones are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of diabetes, and influence glycated hemoglobin (HbA) levels in diabetic population; but, the relationship between sex hormones and HbA in non-diabetic population remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the extent of influence of sex hormones on HbA levels in non-diabetic population.
METHODS
A total of 1409 non-diabetic subjects, including 601 men and 808 postmenopausal women were recruited from Shanghai community. HbA was detected using high performance liquid chromatography, and hemoglobin level was determined by sodium lauryl sulfate colorimetry. Serum estradiol (E), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays.
RESULTS
The level of HbA was 5.6 (5.4-5.9) % in all subjects, with 5.6 (5.4-5.8) % in men and 5.7 (5.5-5.9) % in postmenopausal women. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin, E was positively correlated with HbA in men (r = 0.122, P = .003), and SHBG was inversely correlated with HbA (r = - 0.125, P < .001) in women. Other hormones were not correlated with HbA (all P > .05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, except for traditional factors, such as age, hemoglobin, and BMI, E was another determinant of HbA (standardized β = 0.137, P = .003) in men; besides, in women, SHBG was another determinant of HbA (standardized β = - 0.178, P < .001), except for age and systolic blood pressure.
CONCLUSION
After controlling for confounding factors, two sex hormones, as E and SHBG could influence HbA levels in non-diabetic population.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; China; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testosterone
PubMed: 35382807
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01002-w -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Nov 1999In general, the transcriptional competence of a chromatin domain is correlated with increased sensitivity to DNase I cleavage. A recent observation that actively... (Review)
Review
In general, the transcriptional competence of a chromatin domain is correlated with increased sensitivity to DNase I cleavage. A recent observation that actively transcribing RNA polymerase II piggybacks a histone acetyltranferase activity [Wittschieben, B., Otero, G., de Bizemont, T., Fellows, J., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Ohba, R., Li, Y., Allis, C. D., Tempst, P. & Svejstrup, J. Q. (1999) Mol. Cell 4, 123-128] implies that the state of histone acetylation, and hence the ability of chromatin to fold, can be altered by a processive mechanism. In this article, it is proposed that tracking-mediated chromatin modification could create and/or maintain an open configuration in a complete chromatin domain including both intra- and extragenic regions. This mechanism suggests a putative functional role for the extragenic transcription observed at the beta-globin and other loci in vertebrate cells.
Topics: Animals; Beta-Globulins; Chromatin; DNA; Histones; Humans; RNA Polymerase II; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 10570124
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.13634 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Oct 1964Anti-p-azophenyl-beta-lactoside (Lac) antibody has been isolated from equine antiserum by specific precipitation with Lac-HSA (human serum albumin) and Lac-Hy...
Anti-p-azophenyl-beta-lactoside (Lac) antibody has been isolated from equine antiserum by specific precipitation with Lac-HSA (human serum albumin) and Lac-Hy (hemocyanin). Antibody was separated from antigen by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and zone electrophoresis in solvents containing lactose. Six antigenically distinct immunoglobulins have been identified in purified equine anti-Lac antibody: 7S beta(2A)-globulin, 19S gamma-globulin, a 10S gamma(1) globulin, and three antigenically distinct 7S gamma-globulins. The specific hapten-binding activity of the 7S beta(2A)-antibody and of the 10S gamma(1)-antibody has been demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis and by analytical ultracentrifugation using a combination of schlieren and absorption optics. The 10S gamma(1)-globulin antibody may be representative of a hitherto undescribed class of immunoglobulins.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Beta-Globulins; Chromatography; Glycosides; Haptens; Hemocyanins; Horses; Immune Sera; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Lactose; Research; Serum Albumin; Ultracentrifugation; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 14212122
DOI: 10.1084/jem.120.4.589 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jun 2022Maternal testosterone in pregnancy may have conditioning effects on offspring muscle strength.
BACKGROUND
Maternal testosterone in pregnancy may have conditioning effects on offspring muscle strength.
PURPOSE
To investigate possible associations between maternal testosterone concentrations in third trimester and offspring handgrip strength (HGS) at 5 years.
METHODS
In the prospective, population-based Odense Child Cohort, total testosterone (TT) at gestational week 27-28 and 5-year HGS were measured in 1017 mother-child pairs. TT was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and free testosterone (FT) was calculated from TT and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Multivariable regression analyses were performed with HGS < 10th percentile as cutoff for low HGS.
RESULTS
Third-trimester FT concentration was 0.004 (0.002-0.007) nmol/L, geometric mean (mean - SD; mean + SD). The mean (SD) 5-year HGS was 8.7 (1.8) kg in boys and 8.1 (1.7) kg in girls (P < 0.001). Higher FT concentrations were associated with lower HGS (β = -0.186, P = 0.048), after adjustment for maternal age, parity, offspring sex, and 5-year height and weight. FT > 0.004 nmol/L was associated with higher risk of 5-year HGS < 10th percentile with odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.58 (1.01, 2.47; P = 0.047; n = 1,017) and 1.69 (1.05, 2.74; P = 0.032) after further adjustment for children's organized sports in subgroup analysis (n = 848). Lower HGS in relation to higher FT concentrations was found in all linear models but was not always statistically significant. HGS was not associated with maternal TT and SHBG levels.
CONCLUSION
Third trimester FT was inversely associated with offspring muscle strength assessed by HGS at 5 years of age, which may suggest a negative effect of maternal FT on offspring muscle strength.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testosterone
PubMed: 35276008
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac143 -
Clinical Endocrinology Jul 2021Obesity and liver fat are associated with decreased levels of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Laboratory studies suggest that hepatic de novo lipogenesis...
OBJECTIVE
Obesity and liver fat are associated with decreased levels of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Laboratory studies suggest that hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is involved in the downregulation of SHBG synthesis. The aim of the present study was to address the role of DNL on serum SHBG in humans.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional study examining the association between DNL, measured by stable isotopes, and serum SHBG, stratified by sex.
PARTICIPANTS
Healthy men (n = 34) and women (n = 21) were combined from two cross-sectional studies. Forty-two per cent of participants had hepatic steatosis, and the majority were overweight (62%) or obese (27%).
RESULTS
DNL was inversely associated with SHBG in women (β: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.030; 0.000), but not in men (β: 0.007, 95% CI: -0.005; 0.019) (p for interaction = .068). Adjustment for study population, age and body mass index did not materially change these results, although statistical significance was lost after adjustment for serum insulin.
CONCLUSIONS
An inverse association between DNL and SHBG may explain the decreased SHBG levels that are observed in obesity, at least in women.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Lipogenesis; Male; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
PubMed: 33715205
DOI: 10.1111/cen.14459 -
Revista Espanola de Cardiologia Dec 2009
Topics: Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Heart Failure; Humans; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
PubMed: 20038400
DOI: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)73528-5 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Aug 2016The aim of the study was to evaluate renal function and to assess the usefulness of the following nephrotoxicity markers: cystatin C (CYS C), beta-2 microglobulin (B2MG)...
AIM
The aim of the study was to evaluate renal function and to assess the usefulness of the following nephrotoxicity markers: cystatin C (CYS C), beta-2 microglobulin (B2MG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in 38 (18 girls, 20 boys) children previously treated for central nervous system malignancy.
MATERIAL
Median age at evaluation was 13.7 years (range 2.1-22 years). The mean follow-up time after the completion of chemotherapy was 3.2 years (range 0.16-6.5 years).
RESULTS
Subclinical chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate: eGFR 90-60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was found in 22 patients (58 %), while renal insufficiency (eGFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was found in six children (16 %). It has been demonstrated statistically significant negative correlation between the eGFR and cystatin C concentration (p < 0.0001) and eGFR and beta-2 microglobulin concentration (p < 0.02). Conversely, there was no correlation between eGFR and NGAL. Thirteen children (34 %) developed drug-induced tubulopathy: decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) and renal tubular threshold for phosphate (Tmp/GFR).
CONCLUSION
Children treated for CNS tumours often develop drug-induced chronic renal disease, involving the glomeruli and/or renal tubules. Cystatin C and beta-2 microglobulin seemed to be good markers for chronic kidney damage in these patients, which is probably not true for NGAL.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Beta-Globulins; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystatin C; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lipocalin-2; Male; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult
PubMed: 27325303
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3130-2